Taking a Look at Different Parenting Styles - 757 Words

The ritual by which social and cultural stability are attained has been directed by the primary influence of parents child cultivating approaches and behaviors during child development. The fact that not all parents participate in such growth-promoting child-rearing raises a fundamental question that was disregarded until 15 to 20 years ago: â€Å"Why do parents parent the way they do† (Belsky, 2005)? When it comes to parenting, the demeanor and strategies, in which parents practice, in order to efficiently integrate their children into society defines parenting style. Studies encompassing parenting styles show that no two styles are considered similar. Jay Belsky, professor of psychology, uses his process model of the determinants of parenting to emphasize, â€Å"the social-contextual factors and forces that shape parenting† (Belsky, 2005). According to Belsky, these parental influences include â€Å"(a) attributes of children; (b) the developmental history of parents and their own psychological make-up; and (c) the broader social context in which parents and this relationship are embeddedâ€Å" (Belsky, 2005). Some initial work involving parenting styles in the 1950s included (e.g., Sears, Maccoby, Levin, 1957) who recognized parenting styles as, â€Å"adults who were nurturing and able to exert control were especially influential on childrens development of self-regulated and disciplined behavior† (Wentzel Russell, 2009). German-American psychologist, Kurt Lewin, had slightly differentShow MoreRelatedPsychology Paper Parenting Styles915 Words   |  4 PagesParenting Styles, Discipline, and Behavioral Outcomes Many psychologists throughout history have indulged in studies related to parenting behavior and how children are affected from such behavior. The work of Diana Baumrind, which is considered to be one of the most influential and well-studied theories of parenting behavior, was the first to identify three styles of parenting (Sclafani 44). These styles of parenting are called authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. This paper will furtherRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Influence On Children1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheir near future. When parenting a child there are serval ways to raise children. Many parents prefer different methods over others. Some parenting styles are use more than others and are much favorable than others. Different parenting styles bring out different characteristic and different reactions in a child social life and the way he or she may respond to life situations. Sometimes the style of parenting can even change as the child gets older and develop. Parenting styles could be understood asRead MoreThe Aspects Of My Interview Style1130 Words   |  5 Pages. Part one will discuss the aspects of my interview style. This will included how I felt about my performance and what I wished I have done differently. It also, will include the things that I believe I done my best when conducting the interviews with the client. What skills do you notice in your interview style? The skills that I noticed during my interview style was that I was an active and attentive listener. I believe that I let the client discuss her situation, while doing so I emphasizedRead MoreA Brief Note On Culture And Parenting Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Ibiwoye. CULTURE AND PARENTING â€Å"Mommy I won’t do it again† I stuttered loudly. I really didn’t know how serious I was about that promise, but my body definitely knew it didn’t want to receive any form of whipping again. That was the first time of getting whipped by my mom, and I was only four years old. I remember wishing death upon myself, with every stroke of my father’s belt on my body. What was I thinking when I went to the bathroom on the front porch of the house? I was probably thinkingRead MoreParents Deserve a Fighting Chance Essay example1612 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch-needed in some cases, such a neglect, sexual, psychological, and physical abuse. While this is necessary, there are some cases in which these laws more are hurtful than helpful to the family. While abuse is the result of negative parenting styles, other parenting styles that accommodate the strict laws often result in cases of child neglect and/or juvenile delinquency. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, â€Å"child abuse† is defined as â€Å"mistreatment of a child by a parent or guardian, includingRead MoreChildhood And The Family A Social Construction1497 Words   |  6 Pageswhere he highlights the historical features of childhood in the Middle Ages to the time of Post War Period. Frost (2011) defines families as a range of different structures. This includes ‘two parent family, a one parent family, a polygamous family or an extended family’. These are all examples of different family structures that function in different ways and the overall practice of them differ. Therefore from this we can understand that the term ‘the family’ can be referring to these dissimilar structuresRead MoreOctober 10, 2013 I Lost A Family Member Due To Violence1276 Words   |  6 Pagesme become the parent I want to be, the authoritative parent. Through the course, Child Growth and Development, I adopted a new outlook of parenting that considered the influence of society and learned to consciously discipline my child. Furthermore, I knew that educating myself would insure a productive environment for my daughter, Zahylee. I started out parenting the same way which my guardians raised me. I had no clue at the time that I was considered an authoritarian parent. I demanded obedienceRead MoreParents Have Different Styles Of Parenting1401 Words   |  6 Pageshousehold parenting in America can be defined many ways. Considering that the youth of today’s generation will be the ones to who will take over the world, we need to make sure that the parents are giving them some sort of real life expectations of the world they live in. Many parents have different styles of parenting. The two most popular styles are the free-range approach and the helicopter parents. People have tried to figure out which method has the best outcome for the child. These different methodsRead MoreThe Aspects Of My Interview Style1432 Words   |  6 PagesPart one will discuss the aspects of my interview style. This will include how I felt about my performance and what I wished I have done differently. It also, will include the things that I believe I did my best when conducting the interviews with the client. What skills do you notice in your interview style? The skills that I noticed during my interview style was that I was an active and attentive listener. I believe that I let the client discuss her situation, while doing so, I emphasizedRead MoreAttachment Theory Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesattachment theory. It is a theory developed to explain the emotional ties that children had with their parents or caregivers. It was believed that a child’s attachment style with a caregiver was developed throughout childhood and influenced how an individual interacts with society. It also gave an indication on what their parenting styles might be like, although this was not always a concrete indication. Bowlby’s theory provided the basis on which Mary Ainsworth also worked on and developed. In the 1970’s

Racial Prejudice And Racism And Prejudice Essay - 1193 Words

Societal expectations are certain standards that one should abide by in their lifetime to be considered to fit the characteristics specific to certain groups. When some individuals step out of that barricade of expectations they are looked upon differently and possibly discriminated against by their peers. Racial prejudice and sexism has been a focal point of discussion amongst world leaders and people alike. From the 1900s eras when women could not vote, slavery, the Civil Rights movement, to present day, people (especially minorities) have fought against such acts to ensure that their civil and human rights are being upheld. The adversities that were once prevalent and thriving during the Jim Crow era became less perceptible, but instead transitioned to individuals undermining minorities through prejudice and discrimination. Being that the film, Crash, showed prejudice remarks toward a variety of minorities. The film demonstrates that racial prejudice is not a phenomenon specific t o one ethnic or social group but instead focuses on various racial stereotypes, vexations toward various lifestyles, and social statuses. Sex, religion, ethnicity, and race; just a few classifications humans have used to differentiate each other since the beginning of structured civilization. These subgroups have grown in numbers to accommodate such peoples that may identify themselves differently. Overtime, as humans progressed, they established countries, states, laws, and governments toShow MoreRelatedRacism And Prejudice : Racial Profiling1078 Words   |  5 PagesRacism and Prejudice Inflicted black communities since segregation and is still continues in today’s 21st century. The past and present assure us that history once again repeat itself with no difference. Americans has become divided to an expectation of what an American is. It seems that there has not been any solution to racial profiling. Unconsciously criminal’s assumptions are being beaten, violated, and murder over the decades. According to Thandisiwe Chimurenga, NO DOUBT THE MURDER OF OSCARRead MoreRacism : Racial Discrimination And Pr ejudice1556 Words   |  7 Pages Racism has become about only blacks and whites like those are the only races. I am also a Hispanic female, and I disagree that African-Americans and Americans should be the only ones in the media every time something happens. The quotes from the film were blasted all over the Internet. What about things happening with other races? We never think about major things like this. People act like racism only happens within these two races. We have other minorities and races, so should it be okay for everyoneRead MoreRacism And Racial Profiling And Prejudice1827 Words   |  8 Pageswith those words instead of my name. I do not say that I am ashamed of my culture or who I am but I just get tired of how society, giving and calling me by the labels, the labels built from their own stereotypes and racial discriminations. And here’s how my life has been filled with racism and discriminations. As every other day, I woke up with the worries of how my day going to be. Full fills with discriminations and stereotypes? Or being the victims of every other kid’s racist jokes? There are thousandsRead MoreRacial Stereotypes, Racism, Prejudice, And Stereotypes Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesmovie is a class where we look for and acknowledge the stigma of racial stereotypes as presented by media. People, for the most part, do not go to the movies thinking about stereotypes or racism. Tim White defines racism as, â€Å"denying the right of self-determination and the exercise of full autonomy to others (White 101)† and I think this movie plays right into that definition. It is easy for those of us in this class to see the racism, bigotry, and stereotypes that are present in this movie. UnfortunatelyRead MoreRacial And Ethnic Identity : Racial Prejudice, Racism, And The Harsh Human Nature1306 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand that having a post-racial word would be, in fact, a provocation to their cultural knowledge. The world will never reach a post-racial society because of culture, religion, and the harsh human nature. The world will never be post-racial because of culture. Racial and ethnic identity is embedded in our culture. If somehow culture does not become important anymore, then maybe a post-racial is possible. But culture will always be an important factor in society. Racial practice penetrates throughRead MorePrejudice Is The Performance Of Holding Irrational Preconceived Judgments Or Opinions?968 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice is the performance of holding irrational preconceived judgments or opinions. It is comparable to its Latin root in meaning and form; praejudicium, meaning judgment in advance. In addition, viewing conditions in a preconceived, generally distorted light; biased, and incapable of observing conditions for what they are demonstrate prejudice. Gender, racial, age, sexual orientation, class, and disability are types of prejudice. Racial prejudice is the focus of this paper. Racial prejudiceRead MoreWhen Faced With The Debate Between The Relationship Between1326 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery and racism, scholars often use two arguments that attempt to provide an answer of whether or not slavery produced racism or racism was a necessary precursor to slavery. Some authors address the relationship between slavery and racism by exploring the economics behind slavery while relating it back to the development of chattel slavery and racism. Others explore how the views Europeans had on Africans prior to the mass enslavement and argue that these interpretations came from racial differencesRead MoreThe Developmental Course Of Racial Behavior817 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose and the hypothesis of the study are very concise and direct. The study was to determine the developmental course of racial behaviours in childhood. The researchers in this study are trying to prove how white children’s expressions of racial prejudice do not necessarily decline in middle childhood due to the development of particular cognitive skills, but that instead children older than seven will go on expressing prejudiced attitudes under appropriate conditions. The hypothesisRead MorePrejudice By William Packer s Brownie896 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice refers to an unfavourable opinion or judgment formed against a person without proper assessment of a situation. It is an unreasonable or attitude that is hostile in nature with regards to an individual, or a group on an ethnic, racial, or social basis. Prejudice is thus most prevalent in regions where there are different groups and where one group is predominant over the other. As a result, prejudice is a common theme in most literary works and ZZ Packer’s Brownie, is one of the short storiesRead MoreHow Racism Became A Problem Today1123 Words   |  5 PagesJae Xiong How Racism Became a Problem Today Racism is a deeply ingrained problem in our social systems. Even though we publicly denounce racism, it still continues to be an issue in our everyday lives. We choose to be ignorant of racism s influence until we see people affected by it on the news or in person. Even then, rarely do we choose to act upon what we see. The United States may have come a long way to completing Martin Luther King Jr s dream, but our biases are still a prominent issue

Law Enforcement Challenges free essay sample

The purpose of this paper Is to explain in detail the greatest challenge law enforcement agencies Investigating exploitation, cyber stalking, and obscenity, the specific halogens with overlapping of Jurisdictions and solutions for overcoming these challenges, and to discuss If states should have the ability to work with one another when a cyber- crime is carried out across state lines. I feel like the greatest challenge law enforcement agencies face in investigating exploitation, cyber stalking, and obscenity is issues with evidence and detection. Data on the computer can be deleted, modified, or destroyed. (Taylor, Frights, Illiteracy, Holt, 2012). It is very important for evidence to be collected, preserved, and examined right away. In most asses, 24 hours proves to be too late to recover non-tampered evidence. Some computers have automatic wiping programs in case a new person touches the wrong key on the keyboard. (http://www. Supercomputer. Gob. PC/LLC/Articles/10/2. PDF).Cyber forensics experts requires special tools which will be able to access any data available on the mass storage media Including deleted files and data In unallocated disk areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Enforcement Challenges or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although time Is of the essence, It Is very Important that law enforcement agencies follow the search and seizures laws. A warrant must be issued first before NY evidence can be gathered, searched, or reviewed. A major challenge to law enforcement agencies are overlapping jurisdictions.For example, a cyber-stalker may reside in a different city or even state than the victim, making it difficult for one agency to investigate. (Taylor, Frights, Illiteracy, Holt, 2012). Obtaining assistance from out of state agencies can be limited due to the circumstances. Cyber criminals are able to operate nationwide. This is why law enforcement agencies have to work with local officials, foreign governments, and other agencies. Some agencies will work tit other agencies only if the crime is serious enough.To solve these problems, I would have It to where each agency has a department Just for cybercafà ©s and each agency has Jurisdiction to work with one another. Jurisdiction laws would no longer exist for cybercafà ©s. I feel states should have the ability to work with one another when a cybercafà © is carried out across state lines. Especially in cases where cyber should work together to try and fight all types of crime. In conclusion, our local government needs to implement laws and procedures to work together on every type of crime.

Rape In Britain In The Late 18th Century and Early 19th Century free essay sample

Examines legal, social, marital, literary, theoretical, moral, class and feminist issues, focusing on the views of women as possessions of men. The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of rape in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The plan of the research will be to set forth the social and cultural context in which the issue achieves significance and then to discuss patterns of activity within the culture that appear to show an evolution of consciousness and priorities in the understanding of the phenomenon. The conceptualization of rape in Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries appears to have been very much a social construction that dominated the whole of Western society, whether in England and the Empire, on the continent, or in the U.S. Thus however rape might have been perceived or experienced at the personal level, the principal social fact about the phenomenon was that it was subsidiary to more widely held views of social

6 signs you have what it takes to be a recruiter -TheJobNetwork

6 signs you have what it takes to be a recruiter -TheJobNetwork One of the keys to running a successful business is staffing it with a team of superhero employees. That vital process often begins with a recruiter. Finding and securing the best-of-the-best is a recruiter’s job, one that requires some specific skills and personality traits. If you’re considering a career in corporate recruiting, you should first consult the following list of 6 signs to see if you have what it takes.1. You love peopleAn amazing job opportunity might sell itself, but a big part of recruiting still involves winning over potential employees so they’ll take the positions recruiters need to fill. That means a corporate recruiter must love people and be an expert at dealing with them. An outgoing nature is absolutely essential for the successful recruiter. The ability to turn down candidates who don’t make the cut with tact and compassion is a trickier, but equally essential, characteristic.2. You’re a self-starterWorkers who constantly require management to prod them into action need not apply. A recruiter must be completely proactive and constantly on the lookout for the very best people for particular jobs. If you have that constant yen to get working, you have a trait that all recruiters must possess.3. You’re a great communicatorAnyone who works with people must be a great communicator, and recruiters interact with people constantly. If you have a tendency to serve up word salad, recruiting isn’t for you. But if you are able to speak and write clearly, properly, and confidently, you are more likely to convince the best job candidates to come aboard. Not only must a recruiter be a great communicator, but they must also love to communicate. So if you’re the type who is always talking on the phone or texting, you might be cut out for recruiting.4. You solve problemsA recruiter’s life is not just locating great people and fitting them with great jobs. There are a lot of snags that can p op up during the workday, and it is the recruiter’s duty to meet any and all problems head-on, solve them quickly, and get on with the business at hand.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});A champion recruiter never gets thrown by a candidate who fails to show up for an interview or a position that seems nearly impossible to fill with the right person. They greet such situations as challenges and always works to find the right solution.5. You are positiveUnexpected problems can toss a crimp into a recruiter’s workday, but the best ones always handle those challenges with a smile. The ability to meet all problems cheerfully is vital for the recruiter because those problems will often involve dealing with people- and the last thing a recruiter wants to do is alienate potential employees or employers with a bad attitude.6. You’re competitiveOne unique facet of a recruiter’s life is that there is a lot of competition out there. Other recruiters may be vying for the very same candidates as you, so you must thrive on competition and be completely determined to be the one who nabs that brass ring. Recruiters don’t just need the best candidates for particular positions; they too must be the best in order to be successful at their own jobs.If all of these characteristics seem to describe you, then you may very well be an ideal candidate for a career in corporate recruiting.

Bangbang Essays

Bangbang Essays Bangbang Essay Bangbang Essay IDS 355 Introduction to Operations Management Fall 2012 INSTRUCTOR: Prof. Aris Ouksel Office: UH 2411 Phone: 312-996-0771 E-mail:[emailprotected] edu Office Hours:By appointment in UH 2411 INSTRUCTOR: Prof. Doug Lundquist Office: UH 2320 Phone: E-mail:[emailprotected] edu Office Hours:By appointment in UH 2320 TAs/INSTRUCTORS FOR LAB SECTIONS: TA/Instructor:Tapas Patil E-mail: [emailprotected] edu Office Hours:by appointment TA/Instructor:Viswanath Ramachandran E-mail: [emailprotected] edu Office Hours:by appointment TA/Instructor:Rajeev Ravikumar E-mail: [emailprotected] edu Office Hours:by appointment TA/Instructor:Melroy Rodrigues E-mail: [emailprotected] edu Office Hours:by appointment TA/Instructor:Venkatram Samavedula E-mail: [emailprotected] edu Office Hours:by appointment TA/Instructor:Imran Shaik E-mail: [emailprotected] edu Office Hours:by appointment |Call # |Day |Time |Room |TA |e-mail | |14004 |Monday |8:00 – 8:50am |L270 EPASW |Vishwanath Ramachandran |[emailprotected] du | |14005 |Wednesday |3:00 – 3:50pm |L270 EPASW |Tapas Patil |[emailprotected] edu | |14006 |Friday |9:00 – 9:50am |L270 EPASW |Venkatram Samavedula |[emailprotected] edu | |14007 |Tuesday |2:30 – 3:20pm |L270 EPASW |Rajeev Ravikumar |[emailprotected] edu | |14008 |Thursday |4:30 – 5:20pm |SEL 2249 (not 2249F! |Melroy Rodrigues |[emailprotected] edu | |14009 |Friday |3:00 – 3:50pm |L270 EPASW |Venkatram Samavedula |[emailprotected] edu | |14010 |Tuesday |8:00 – 8:50am |L270 EPASW |Imran Shaik |[emailprotected] edu | |14011 |Mo nday |5:00 – 5:50pm |SEL 2058 |Melroy Rodrigues |[emailprotected] du | |30295 |Wednesday |9:00 – 9:50am |L270 EPASW |Vishwanath  Ramachandran |[emailprotected] edu | |30296 |Thursday |9:30 – 10:20am |L270 EPASW |Rajeev Ravikumar |[emailprotected] edu | |30297 |Thursday |5:00 – 5:50pm |L270 EPASW |Imran Shaik |[emailprotected] edu | |30298 |Thursday |3:30 – 4:20pm |L270 EPASW |Tapas Patil |[emailprotected] du | 1. General Information Operations Management is the management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services. It is about how efficiently a company can produce goods and /or provide services. As companies are increasingly competing on the basis of time, cost and service, managing operations becomes critical for the competitiveness of any business. Studying operations management gives you important knowledge concerning how they do this. Since operations are a key part of the existence of a company, everyone in business de als with them directly or indirectly. If you are involved in making a decision concerning marketing or accounting or finance or human resources or information systems, you should be concerned about operations. In this course, you will learn about the operations manager’s view of the company and will learn about the techniques and procedures of making good decisions in managing operations. Activities in the lab will show you how you can use analytical tools to assist in decisions affecting operations. 1. 1 Course Components Lectures: Lectures will follow the course outline, although minor adjustments may occur during the semester. Most of the lecture time will be devoted to reviewing and applying reading from the book. Videos may be shown in class to illustrate some of the concepts explained throughout the lectures. We may also cover technical issues related to lab exercises and homework. Students are expected to read the relevant textbook chapters and PowerPoint slides prior to lecture. Laboratory (Discussion) Sections: There will be 10 lab sessions during the semester. In these sessions you will work on problems related to the topics discussed in the lecture classes using Excel, TreePlan, and MS Project. The problems assigned for homework assignments will be similar to the problems discussed in the lab sessions. Attendance will be taken in the lab sessions. A brief outline of topics that will be covered in this course and the schedule of classes and lab sessions are provided at the end of this document. 1. 2 Course Materials Textbooks This course uses two texts: Operations Management Fall 2012 (portions of Operations Management by Stevenson, 11th edition, and Service Management, 7th edition, by Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons). Available as an e-book download from McGraw-Hill (instructions posted on Blackboard). ISBN: 9781121623026 o The text used in Spring Summer 2012 (just titled Operations Management) contains all chapters used this semester and four additional ones and may be available in the UIC bookstore. o Students may certainly also purchase the entire Stevenson Fitzsimmons textbooks. A. Ouksel and D. Lundquist, Lab Manual Lecture Notes (1st edition). This will be on sale in th e UIC bookstore by the second week of classes. Software All software needed for this course is available in the UIC computer labs. Students who wish to use their own computers will, of course, need to acquire their own copies of the software. This course uses: Microsoft Excel Microsoft Project TreePlan add-in for Excel (available as a free demo at www. treeplan. com) 1. 3 Blackboard Sites We will be using the Blackboard facility for this course. If you are enrolled in this course, you will also be enrolled on two Blackboard sites. Everyone taking IDS 355 this semester will be enrolled on the main IDS 355 site. This site will give most of the information concerning this course as well as PowerPoint slides for lectures. You will also be enrolled in another Blackboard site for your lab/discussion section. You will use the lab site to post homework assignments and to check your lab grades. To access these sites, point your browser to http://blackboard. uic. edu. Your Blackboard login name is your UIC NetID (lower case! ). This is the part before the @ in your UIC e-mail address; your password is your usual UIC password (the one you use to access UIC computers). If you have any problems using Blackboard, contact your TA. Be sure to give the TA your name, NetID, and lab section. All major announcements about the course will be posted on the main Blackboard course site. Important notices will generally be forwarded to your e-mail address. However, you are ultimately responsible for checking Blackboard to keep informed regarding any course updates. 1. 4 E-Mail Communication Professors and teaching assistants will generally respond to your e-mails within 48 hours. However, the large number of students can generate large volumes of e-mail and sometimes we overlook a message. If you do not receive a response within 72 hours, please resend it. However, please do not e-mail us questions about an assignment two hours before the deadline and expect an immediate response! When e-mailing the professors or your TA, please include the following in your subject line: IDS 355, Lab Section, TA Name. For example, if you are in the Monday 2pm lab section, and your TA is named Smith, please have your subject line read: IDS 355, M 2pm, Smith. This will help us process your request faster. Also, when using Blackboard’s e-mail tools, please send e-mail only to the intended recipient, not one of the group options, which may cause your e-mails to be marked as spam. Homework and Labs: Questions about homework assignments (like assistance and grading) or labs should be sent to your TA (see e-mail addresses on the first page). Lectures and Exams: Questions regarding lecture material, content to be covered on exams, or exam grading should be sent to Prof. Lundquist ([emailprotected] edu). Once again, please make sure to follow the outli ned policies regarding course communication. It is in your best interest to contact the right person so your issue can be resolved as soon as possible. 1. Attendance Policy It is important for you to attend lectures and labs. As a courtesy to your instructors and fellow students, please arrive on time and, if you must leave during lecture, do so quietly. In lecture, major concepts and definitions will be presented and discussed. Your best information about exam content will come from lectures, lab sessions, and homework. If you miss class, you can find out what was covered from an updated course syllabus (available on Blackboard) or from consulting with fellow students. Valid Excuse: Although it is not possible to list every possible valid excuse for missing class, good examples are medical emergencies (either your own or a dependent’s), participation in UIC athletic events, military obligations, and court dates. As a general rule, if you have scheduled the reason yourself, it is not a valid excuse for absence! If you miss a midterm without a valid excuse, you will receive a zero for it. If you miss a final exam without a valid excuse, you will receive an incomplete for the course; to pass the course, you will need to take the final exam in a future semester. You may only be excused from the regularly scheduled times for the midterms and final under the two following circumstances (in either case, proof of your excuse will be required): 1. If you provide a note from a doctor concerning your unavoidable absence. 2. If you provide the instructor with a valid reason for your absence in advance. If you miss an exam with valid cause, you should notify your instructor as soon as possible to schedule your make-up exam. If you miss a lab session, please inform your TA. Should you be absent for an extended period of time, you should notify your instructors, TA, and your college advising office; for most students, this will be the undergraduate office of the College of Business Administration. 1. 6 In-Class Behavior During class, please help create a good learning environment by remaining reasonably quiet and keeping your cell phone silent. As our class has over three hundred students, students talking can make it very difficult for anyone to hear. If you must communicate with your fellow students, please use silent options like texting or writing notes or, better yet, wait until after class. Students who cannot comply with these basic tenets of courtesy will be publicly shamed by one or more of the following: Being requested to stand up and introduce themselves to the class Being asked what is so urgent that it cannot wait until the end of lecture Being asked to leave for the remainder of the lecture or lab 1. 7 Students with Disabilities The University of Illinois at Chicago is committed to maintaining a barrier-free environment so that individuals with disabilities can fully access programs, courses, services, and activities at UIC. Students with disabilities who require accommodations for full access and participation in UIC Programs must be registered with the Disability Resource Center (DRC). Please contact DRC at (312) 413-2183 (voice) or (312) 413- 0123 (TDD). 2. Grading You will be responsible for reading the textbook, learning material presented in lectures and labs, and doing homework assignments using Excel, TreePlan and MS Project. You will be evaluated on lab attendance, homework, two midterms, and a final exam. Also, quizzes may be given during lectures without advance notice announcements. Lecture quizzes will be given as extra credit worth 10pts (or 1% toward your course grade) and may total up to 50 points of bonus points (an extra 5%). No additional extra credit opportunities will be offered. Excluding quizzes, the breakdown of points is as follows: |Homework (5 assignments @ 40pts) |200 | |Lab Attendance (10 labs @ 5pts) |50 | |Midterm (2 exams @ 200pts) |400 | |Final | 350 | |Total: |1000 | . 1 Grading Scale Grades at the end of the semester will be based on the total points that you accumulate. The minimum point total required to earn a grade may be adjusted downward but will not be adjusted upward. The tentative grading scale is: |900 and up |A | |800 to 899 |B | |700 to 799 |C | |600 to 699 |D | |Below 600 |F | 2. 2 Exams There will be two midterm exams worth 200 points each, and a final exam worth 350 points. For each exam, an FAQ file will be posted on Blackboard. The final exam will be comprehensive but will emphasize material covered after the second midterm; specific details will be given in the week before the final. The midterms and final will be scheduled as per the course outline on the last page of this syllabus. Exams are multiple-choice and given on scantrons; bring pencils. For all exams, students are allowed to use calculators and a 3†x5† â€Å"cheat card† with any notes or formulas you choose to put on it. 2. 3 Homework Assignments There are 5 graded homework assignments worth 40 points each. They will be posted on the Blackboard lab site at one week prior to the due date. Your solutions and answers must be submitted through the Blackboard site for your specific lab section by the due date and time for you to receive full credit. Please do not submit your homework via e-mail or the Digital Dropbox on Blackboard! The homework should be submitted using the same link from where it can be downloaded from Blackboard. Note that it is not possible to alter or resubmit an assignment once it has been uploaded. Please name your homework files as [NetID]hw#. For example, if your netID is csmith2, the file for your third homework assignment should be named csmith2hw3. If you ask your TA at least two days in advance, you can receive a three-day deadline extension without penalty. Otherwise, late submissions will have 10pts automatically deducted and will not be accepted after the corresponding solutions are posted (usually less than a week after the deadline). You are urged to submit your homework long before the deadline, as the system may not be up at the deadline time. It is your responsibility to make sure that the homework is uploaded on time. 2. 4 Lab Attendance Attendance will be taken at the start of each lab session. Attending each lab session from start to finish will earn full credit (5pts). Two points will be deducted for arriving late. If you are more than twenty minutes late for the lab, you will receive no attendance credit. Students who must leave lab early will receive pro-rated attendance credit, approximately one point per ten minutes spent in lab. 3. Course Administration This course and its coursework are being administered under the policies of the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Business Administration Honor Code. All students are expected to respect and uphold this code. Violations of the Honor Code are just causes for discipline under the University of Illinois at Chicago Student Disciplinary Procedure, and all allegations of Honor Code violations shall be handled pursuant to that Procedure. 3. 1 Honor Code for the College of Business Administration As an academic community the College of Business Administration at the University of Illinois at Chicago is committed to providing an environment in which teaching, learning, research, and scholarship can flourish and in which all endeavors are guided by academic and professional integrity. All members of the college community – students, faculty, staff, and administrators – share the responsibility of insuring that high standards of integrity are upheld so that such an environment exists. In pursuit of these high ideas and standards of academic life, as a student I hereby commit myself to respect and uphold the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Business Administration Honor Code during my entire matriculation at UIC. I agree to maintain the highest moral and ethical standards in all academic and business endeavors and to conduct myself honorably as a responsible member of the college academic community. This includes the following: Not to seek unfair advantage over other students, including, but not limited to giving or receiving unauthorized aid during completion of academic requirements; To represent fact and self truthfully at all times; To respect the property and personal rights of all members of the academic community. 3. 2 Plagiarism and Inappropriate Use of Others Work The University standards on originality of submitted work apply in this course: don’t copy from other students or turn in other students’ work as your own. If there is clear evidence of copying another student’s work on a quiz, test, exam or homework, the involved students will receive zeroes for that grade and formal disciplinary action may be undertaken. Homework assignments: Talking to other students about homework assignments is a good way to enrich your understanding of the material. However, each student must write up the assignment on his or her own. To avoid misuse of your work, you should not share your papers or files with others. COPYING WILL RESULT IN YOUR RECEIVING A ZERO SCORE FOR THE WHOLE ASSIGNMENT, EVEN IF COPYING IS LIMITED TO A SINGLE QUESTION. Each student must independently create an Excel file and enter the data and formulas in their own spreadsheet. You may not submit another student’s file, and groups of students may not submit copies of the same file. Cutting and pasting from another student’s file is also not allowed. If the same file is submitted by more than one student, all involved students will receive a grade of zero for that assignment. If it is obvious that the information was cut and pasted from another student’s file, all involved students will also receive a grade of zero for that assignment. Repeated incidents will result in failing the course. Exams and quizzes: There is to be no copying or collusion during exams and quizzes. Submitting exams or in-class quizzes for other students will be regarded as cheating. To inhibit cheating, multiple versions of exams will be provided. |IDS 355 Fall 2012: Course Outline | |This outline is for planning purposes only. The actual schedule may vary as the course proceeds. |Week |Topic |Reading |Lab |Lab Topic |Homework | |Week 1 |Introduction to Operations |Ops. Mgmt. |No Lab | | | |August 27 |Management |pp. 2 – 38 | | | | |Week 2 |The Nature of Services |Ops. Mgmt. |No Lab | | | |September 3 | |pp. 9 – 56 | | | | |Week 3 |Service Strategy |Ops. Mgmt. |Lab 1 |Exercise 1: Efficient Use of | | |September 10 | |pp. 57 – 81 | |Excel | | |Week 4 |Forecasting |LM LN, |Lab 2 |Exercise 2: Data Tables and |Homework 1 Posted | |September 17 | |pp. 2 – 23 | |Graphs | | |Week 5 |Strategic Capacity Planning for |Ops. Mgmt. |Lab 3 |Exercise 3: Forecasting |Homework 1 Due | |September 24 |Products and Services |pp. 82 – 111 | |Methods for Stationary Series| | |Week 6 |Midterm 1 (Monday) | |Lab 4 |Exercise 4: Forecasting |Homework 2 Posted | |October 1 |Competitiveness, Strategy, and |Ops. Mgmt. | |Methods for Non-Stationary | | | |Productivity |pp. 112- 144 | |Series | | |Week 7 |Decision Theory |LM LN, |No Lab | |Homework 2 Due | |October 8 | |pp. 30 – 38 | | | | |Week 8 |Service Facility Location |Ops. Mgmt. |Lab 5 |Exercise 5: Decision Theory | | |October 15 | |pp. 145 – 171 | |Problems | | |Week 9 |Inventory Management |LM LN, |Lab 6 |Exercise 7: Location |Homework 3 Posted | |October 22 | |pp. 52 – 67 |Assignment Problems | | | | | | |Exercise 8: Data Sorting | | |Week 10 |Inventory Management | |Lab 7 |Exercise 9: Inventory |Homework 3 Due | |October 29 |(continued) |Ops. Mgmt. | |Management | | | |Supply Chain Management |pp. 72 – 208 | | | | |Week 11 |Quality Control |Ops. Mgmt. |Lab 8 |Exercise 10: Monte Carlo |Homework 4 Posted | |November 5 | |pp. 226 – 269 | |Simulations | | | |Midterm 2 (Friday) | | | | | |Week 12 |Project Management |Ops. Mgmt. |Lab 9 |Exercise 11: Simulations for |Homework 4 Due | |November 12 | |pp. 308 – pp. 359 | |Inventory Decisions | | |Week 13 |Project Management | |Lab 10 |Exercise 12: Project Planning|Homework 5 Posted | |November 19 |(continued) | | |with Microsoft Project | | |Week 14 |Technology in Services |Ops. Mgmt. |No Lab | |Homework 5 Due | |November 26 | |pp. 209 225 | | | | |Week 15 |JIT and Lean Operations |Ops. Mgmt. |No Lab | | | |December 3 | |pp. 70 307 | | | | |Week 16 |FINAL EXAM |Thursday, December 13th, 3:30 – 5:30pm |LOCATION TBA | |December 10 | | | | NOTE: The midterms are given during lecture time. It is your responsibility to arrive on time for them. If you are late, you will have correspondingly less time for your exam.

The Global Social and Enviremental Opportunities and Risks Facing Essay

The Global Social and Enviremental Opportunities and Risks Facing Woolworths - Essay Example On a global front, Woolworths needs to keep identifying risks and prospects that keep emerging as well as those already in existent. A noteworthy characteristic of the retail industry that Woolworths face is the rising intensity of competition and domination by few companies (Seth & Randall 2001). Therefore, accurate evaluation of social and environmental opportunities and risks is very critical to enable the company to adopt apposite strategic measures. Understanding of these opportunities and risks helps in establishment of effective growth policies and expansion plans or in a more threatening environment measures that pre-eminently upholds the current position or if need be, allows pull-out from markets. Understanding of future opportunities and risks also helps toshape how the management base their strategic decisions. This is because they need to balance and in consideration of other factors, they determine a realistic and sustainable direction to the retail business. Opportunit ies and risk analysis enables a retail chain, such as Woolworths, to identify the global markets and areas that are viable to open up new ventures and how exactly to take care of the needs of the clientele (Richardson & Williams 1995). In addition, they determine the allocation of resources.Opportunities and risks can be in any aspect of the company. They can be in skills and abilities of the employees, location and environment of operation, products and branding, financial and informational management. Social Opportunities and Risks One of the most noteworthy social opportunities is the global Woolworths Trust EduPlant programme (Burch & Lawrence, 2007). In collaboration with other organizations and educational institutions in several countries, for instance South Africa the programme sponsors and funds educational institutions in the growing of healthy foods in a sustainable system (Burch & Lawrence 2007, p 24). For over the last ten years, EduPlant programme has supported thousan ds of educational institutions to boost food security in the societies and to improve the nutrition of their students (Burch & Lawrence 2007, p 24). The programme runs annually and begins with an invitation to various stakeholders in the education sector to go for one day all-expense paid permaculture training.Those who are trained on various permaculture techniques become food security campaigners in their societies. They are then sponsored to grow food gardens that produce much-needed food for the schools within the communities. Land portions within the schools are converted into healthy greened environments and the trained educators are empoweredto share their permaculture skills with other members of the community (Burch & Lawrence, 2007). After the learning institutions have grown their gardens, they register them into a national competition. They continue to get support and guidance from trained permaculture specialists who visit the institutions and finally choose 63 finalist s. All selected finalist institutions are awarded with cash rewards and environmental, health and agricultural resources. Further rewards- in both cash and resources are given to the winners of various other categories. This programme is a great opportunity to market and promote Woolworths and make it a great brand name across all generations as well as boost its corporate social responsibility regarding

Tragedy of Mariam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Tragedy of Mariam - Essay Example Today many wives always want to have same position with their husband, so that they always have conflict with each other. Why they always have conflict? There are number of answers for this question, but it very difficult for us to come on a final conclusion. When we look towards sixteenth century's society or even before that time it is seen wife and husband lived together very well. They had lesser conflicts. Many wives would obey their husband when their husbands order them to do everything. What different images of the wife between sixteenth centuries and today? In most societies during the twentieth Century, new ways of analyzing traditional gender roles have begun to evolve out of a variety of movements both within art and culture studies and communications. Semiotics, or the study of signs has emerged as one of the most "powerful cultural analysis tools of the twentieth Century†. Semiotics has been used to document and support traditional gender roles within a variety of cultures. The signs of Husband and Wife respectively, have undergone huge ideological shifts in some parts of the world, however within American society they still often used to represent a system of values and a distribution of power that have remained relatively unchanged despite recent eras of social progress. This is illustrated fairly well in the movie "Amores Perros" as the terms Husband and Wife are utilized throughout the movie as signs that represent and suggest traditional values and gender roles that are still based on signified characteristics from the time of the Conquistadors.

The Ego, The Superego and The Id Essay Example for Free

The Ego, The Superego and The Id Essay The structure of the personality in psychoanalytic theory is threefold. Freud divided it into the id, the ego and the superego. Only the ego is visible, or on the surface one may say, while the id and the superego remain hidden, below the surface of what we show of our personalities to others, but each has its own effects on the personality nonetheless. This essay seeks to explore these three layers of personality and how they work with one another. In Freuds structural hypothesis, the id is generally recognised as the psychic representative of the drives. (Berger 1995 p.106) The id represents biological forces and is always present in the personality. The id is governed by the pleasure principle, or notion of hedonism (seeking of pleasure). Early in the development of his theory Freud saw sexual energy, or the libido or the life instinct, as the only source of energy for the id. It was this notion that gave rise to the popular conception that psychoanalysis is all about sex. Read more: Superego examples essay After the carnage of World War I, however, Freud felt it necessary to add another instinct, or source of energy to the id. So, he proposed Thanatos, the death instinct. Thanatos accounts for the instinctual violent urges of humankind. Obviously the rest of the personality would have somehow to deal with these two instincts. It is interesting to note how Hollywood has capitalised on the id; box office success is highly correlated with movies that stress sex, violence, or both. We can come nearer to the id with images, and call it chaos, a cauldron of  seething excitement. We suppose that it is somewhere in direct contact  with somatic processes, takes over from their instinctual needs and gives  them mental representation. These instincts fill it with energy, but it has  no organisation and no unified will, only an impulsion to obtain satisfaction  for the instinctual needs, in accordance with the pleasure principle. (Hinsie Campbell, 1970 cited in Berger 1995 p. 106) The id is a source of energy and should not be retained too much, but at the same time we must contain it, otherwise its force and desire for pleasure shall dominate our lives, inhibiting our life progress; our lives would be dominated by impulses. The id knows no values, no good or evil, no morality. The quantitative factor, which is so closely bound up with the pleasure principle, dominates all its processes. We view the id as containing instinctual cathexes seeking discharge. According to Freud, the id constitutes the total psychic apparatus of the newborn; the psychic later splits into three parts adding an ego and superego. Although this view that the psyche is all id at birth has been criticised, what is generally held is that the id precedes the development of the ego and the superego. The ego is thought to start functioning early in life, around the age of five or six months old and is concerned with the environment. This is because the ego is involved in making sure that the id secures its gratifications. (Berger 1995 p.106) After researching the ego, I, as I think many, found its concepts much more complicated than the id. I will try to simplify the central ideas of the ego, as often it helps to make a more precise and understandable picture in ones own mind. A primary function of the ego is to mediate between the id and the superego, trying to keep them in balance. The ego is the part of the psychic apparatus which is the mediator between the person and reality, (Hinsie Campbell 1970 cited in Berger 1995 p.107) not only this but it functions to perceive and adapt to reality. Tasks of the ego include such things as perception, motor control and the use of the reality principle. The ego seeks to influence the id and its tendencies by the external world. It also tries to substitute the reality principle for the pleasure principle, which rules unrestrictedly in the id. Ego represents the common sense and reason whilst the id contains passion. The functional importance of the ego to the id is well captured in an analogy used by Joan Riviere (1962), where it is like a man on horse back, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse, with the difference being that the rider tries to do so with his own strength, whilst the ego uses borrowed forces. The ego is in the habit of transforming the ids will into action as if it were its own. (Rieviere 1962 p.15) Speaking broadly, perceptions may have the same significance for the ego as instincts have for the id. At the same time the ego is subject to the influence of the instincts too. As shown by Freud in Civilisation and its discontents there are two classes of instincts; one is the sexual instincts known as Eros, and the second is the instinct of death. The death instinct would thus seem to express itself as an instinct of destruction directed against the external world and other organisms. Sadism and masochism are both manifestations of the destructive instinct. Masochism is a union between destructiveness directed inward and sexuality (Freud 1957). It is in sadism, where the death instinct twists the erotic aim in its own sense and at the same time satisfies the erotic urge. The instinct of destruction, moderated and and tamed, inhibited in its aim, must, when it is directed toward objects, provide the ego with the satisfaction of its vital needs and with control over nature. (Freud 19 57) The transformation of erotic libido into ego-libido of course involves an abandonment of sexual aims. This highlights an important function of the ego in its relation to Eros. Riviere (1962) explains that by getting hold of the libido from the object cathexes, setting itself up as a sole love-object, and converting the libido of the id, the ego is working in opposition to the purposes of Eros and placing itself at the service of the opposing instinctual impulses. It has to participate in some of the other object-cathexes of the id, so to speak. This implies an importance of the theory of narcissism. At the beginning, all of the libido is collected in the id. The id sends part of this libido out into erotic object-cathexes, where the ego, once grown stronger, tries to gain this object-libido and to force itself on the id as a love object. The narcissism of the ego is thus a secondary one, which has been withdrawn from objects. Usually, when one is able to trace instinctual impulses back, we find them to be derivatives of Eros. Some creatures die in the act, or after, copulation because after Eros has been eliminated through the process of satisfaction, the death instinct has a free hand for accomplishing its purposes. (Riviere 1960 p.37) Freud (1963) sees civilisation as based upon individuals learning to control their sexual urges and finding other ways of getting gratification.  But because sexual impulses are powerful, there is always a tension between them and the institutions in society. Civilisation, as Freud points out in Civilisation and its Discontents (1957), is the cause of many of our miseries: it forces us to give up uninhibited instinctual gratifications (in particular, genital satisfactions and aggressiveness), and it creates guilt. Life consists of the struggle of mankind between Eros and death, betw een instinct of life and instinct of destruction; this presents the meaning of the evolution of civilisation. Now we turn to explore the third structure, the superego. According to Freud, the superego is the agency in our psychs involved with conscience, morality and ideal aspirations. The superego consists of two parts, the conscience and the ego-ideal. The conscience is the familiar metaphor of angel and devil on each shoulder. The conscience decides what course of action one should take, what is right and what is wrong, and forces the ego to inhibit the id in pursuit of morally acceptable, not pleasurable or even realistic, goals. The ego ideal is an idealised view of ones self. Comparisons are made between the ego-ideal and ones actual behaviour. Both parts of the superego develop with experience with others or through social interactions. According to Freud, a strong superego serves to inhibit the biological instincts of the id, while a weak one gives into the ids urgings. The superego is part of a trio that controls our urges and desires. The id being the urge at its raw form, the ego filtering the urge (in a very complicated manner!) and the superego is the decider of whether or not the urge can be satisfied immediately or must be put aside for later. The superego is not created when we are born, rather we are born with the superego and it develops over the course of our life as new rules and regulations are brought to light. The superego is known as the seat of morality, part conscious and part unconscious. It is the part of us that induces guilt. In Civilisation and its Discontents, this question is posed, what means does civilisation employ in order to inhibit the aggressiveness which opposes it? To this, Freud explains that ones aggressiveness is internalised, it is sent back to where it came from, and it is directed toward ones own ego. There its taken over by a portion of  the ego, which sets itself over against the rest of the ego as superego, and which now, in the form of conscience, is ready to put into action against the ego the same harsh aggressiveness that the ego would have liked to satisfy upon other, extraneous individuals. The tension between the harsh superego and the ego is called the sense of guilt. Civilisation controls ones desire for aggression by setting up an agency (the superego) within a person to watch over it and control it. We can compare the superego to a personal watchdog, keeping us in line with the rules of society, sometimes these rules are broken and the superego lets us know by inducing in us a sense of guilt. When we do well, our superego makes us swell with pride and joy. Our superegos are shaped primarily by the superegos of our grandparents, as they shape our parents superegos, who then socialise us and give us our moral sensibilities. The severity of our superegos is not tied to how strict our parents were when raising us, but the way they have dealt with their Oedipus complexes and our  internalization of this process. Too complex to fully expand on now, I shall just say that the superego develops, according to psychoanalytic theory, out of our need to deny hostile wishes we have,  incestuous in nature, which may simply be described as our Oedipus complexes. I believe the words of David Stevenson (1966) give a clear and concise insight into the superego. While the ego may temporarily repress certain urges of the id in fear of  punishment, eventually these external sources of punishment are internalised,  and the child will not steal a chocolate, even unwatched, because he has taken  punishment, right, and wrong into himself. The superego uses guilt and self-reproach  as its primary means of enforcement for these rules. But if a person has done  something which is acceptable, he experiences pride and self-satisfaction. I have discussed the structural relationship within the mental personality, and although very complex, Freuds work on the ego, superego and id has continued to be greatly studied, respected and used to expend our fields of knowledge.

An Introduction To Sequences In Mathematics English Language Essay

An Introduction To Sequences In Mathematics English Language Essay This is an introduction to sequences. In mathematics, that is, discrete mathematics have learned about sequences, which is an ordered list of elements. The sequences is about arrangement of objects, people, tasks, grocery items, books, movies, or numbers, which has an order associated with it. Like a set, it contains members and the number of terms. This members is called elements or terms and the number of terms is also called the length of the sequences. Sequences having a natural numbers. There are all even numbers and odd numbers. This usually defined according to the formula: Sn = a, function of n = 1,2,3,a set A= {1,2,3,4} is a sequence. B = {1,1,2,2,3,3,} is though the numbers of repeating. There are specific sequences that have their own formulas and methods for finding the value of terms, such as arithmetic and geometric sequences. List of numbers, finite and infinite, that follow some rules are called sequences.P,Q,R,S is a sequences letters that differ from R,Q,P,S, as the ordering matters. Sequences can be finite or infinite. For this example is finite sequence. For example of infinite is such as the sequence of all odd positive integers (1,3,5,.). Finite sequences are sometimes known as strings or words, and infinite sequences as streams. The empty sequence ( ) is included in most notions of sequence, but may be excluded depending on the context. In this topic means sequences, there are covered about indexing, operation on sequences, sequences of integers, subsequences, increasing, decreasing, nonincreasing, nondecreasing, sigma notation, and pi notation. Besides that, in this topic also discuss about changing the index and limit in sum. Background A sequences was created by Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1180-1250). Pisano means from Pisa and Fibonacci which means son of Bonacci. He known as by his nickname, Fibonacci. He was born in Pisa which is now part in Italy, the city with the famous Leaning Tower. He played important role in reviving ancient methematical skills, as well as making significant contributions of his own. He was known for a great interset in math. Because of the Fibonacci Series, He is most known. A series of numbers approaching nature reality. For example, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 233, 300, 377, The sum of the 2 preceding numbers are from each succeding number. Fibonacci was a member of the Bonacci family and traveled all around the Mediterranean as a boy. He traveled with his father who held a diplomatic post. To excel in solving a wide variety of mathematical problems, His keen interest in mathematics and his exposure to other cultures allowed Fibonacci. Fibonacci is probably best known for discovering the Fibonacci sequence. Besides that, A sequences is also was created by Leonardo Fibonacci. He is the Italian mathematician. He also known as Leonardo of Pisa, documented the mathematical sequences often found in nature in 1202 in his book, Liber Abaci which means book of the abacusIn the sequences, each number is sum of two numbers, such as 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, 2 + 2 = 4, and so on. That sequence can be found in the spirals on the skin of a pineapple, sunflowers, seashells, the DNA double helix and, yes, pine cones. Sequences is one such technique is a make use of Fibonacci sequences in futures. Fibonacci who was innate in 1170. He found which a settlement reoccurred in nature, as well as a settlement was subsequent from a mathematical judgment of a fibre of numbers a third series is a total of a dual prior to it. In 2000, A sequence of posters designed at the Issac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences which were displayed month by month in the trains of London Underground to celebrate world mathematical year 2000. The aim of the posters was to bring maths to life A sequence of posters designed at the Issac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences. The aim of the posters was to bring maths to life, illustrating the wide applications of modern mathematics in all branches of science includes physical, biological, technological and financial. Each poster gives relevant mathematical links and information about mathematical. Show more Result of the research A sequences is ordered list of elements that normally defined according to this formula, Sn = a function of n = 1,2,3,If S is a sequences {Sn | n = 1,2,3,},] S1 denotes the first elements, S2 denoted the second elements and so on. The indexing set of the sequences,n usually the indexing set is natural number,N or infinite subset of N. In operations on sequences, If s = { a,b,c,d,e,f } is a sequences, then -head of s = a -tail of s = {b,c,d,e,f} -tail of s = {a,b,c,d,e} -last s = f For Concatenation of sequences, If S1 = {a,b,c} and s2 = {d,e}. Hence, concatenation of s1 n s2 denoted as = {a,b,c,d,e} For this concatenation of sequences, punctuation mark , must be written between these alphabet. Increasing sequences and decreasing sequences are two important types of sequences. Their relatives are nonincreasing and nondecreasing. Sn Sn+1 is used when sequences of s is decreasing for all n for which n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. A sequences is nonincreasing if Sn à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ Sn+1 for all n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. A sequences is nondecreasing if Snà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Sn+1 for all n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. Example:- For increasing, Sn = 2^n 1. n= 1, 2, 3,.The first element of s are 1, 3, 5, 7,. For decreasing, Sn = 4-2^n, n = 1, 2, 3,The first few elements of s are 2, 0, -2, -4, . For nonincreasing, The sequences 100, 40, 40, 60, 60, 60, 30. For nondecreasing, the sequences of 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5 The sequences 100, is increasing, decreasing, nonincreasing, nondecreasing since there is no value of i for which both i and i+1 are indexes. A subsequences of a sequences s is a sequences t that consists of certain elements of s retained in the original order they had in s. Example: let s = { Sn = n | n = 1,2,3,} 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, let t = { t=2n | n = 2,4,6,} 4, 8, 12, Hence, t is a subsequences of s. Two important operations on numerical sequences are adding and multiplying terms. Sigma notation, sum_{i=1}^{100}i. is about sum and summation. Summation is the operation of combining a sequence of numbers using addition. Hence, there are become a sum or total. Example: sum_{i=1}^ni = frac{n^2+n}2 For capital sigma notation, sum_{i=m}^n x_i = x_m + x_{m+1} + x_{m+2} +dots+ x_{n-1} + x_n. Example: sum_{k=2}^6 k^2 = 2^2+3^2+4^2+5^2+6^2 = 90 Pi is a product symbol for product of sequences of terms. This is alsoncaaled multiplication between all natural numbers. Pi notation, prod_{i=m}^n x_i = x_m cdot x_{m+1} cdot x_{m+2} cdot ,,cdots,, cdot x_{n-1} cdot x_n. Example: prod_{i=2}^6 left(1 + {1over i}right) = left(1 + {1over 2}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 3}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 4}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 5}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 6}right) = {7over 2}. Changing the index and limits in a sum. The formula to change the index and limit to the sum is, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ_(1=0)^nà ¢-’à £Ã¢â€š ¬-ir^à £Ã¢â€š ¬-n-1 Limit of Sequence The notation of limit of a sequence is very natural. The fundamental concept of which the whole of analysis ultimately rests is that of the limit of the sequence. By considering some examples can make the position clear. Consider the sequence In this sequence, no number is zero. But we can see that the closer to zero the number of, the larger the number of n is. This state of relation can express by saying that as the number of tends to 0, the n increases, or that the sequence can converges to 0, or that they possess the limit to 0. The points crowd closer n closer to the point 0 as n increases; this means that the numbers are represented as points on a line. This situation is similar in the case of the sequence Here, too, as n increases, the numbers tends to 0; the only difference is that the numbers are sometimes less than and sometimes greater the limit 0; as we say, they oscillate about the limit. The convergence of the sequence to 0 is usually expressed by the equation or occasionally by the abbreviation . We consider the sequence where the integral index n takes all the value 1, 2, 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. . We can see at once that as n increases, the number will approach closer and closer to the number 1 if we write, in the sense that if we mark off any interval about the point 1 all the numbers following a certain must fall in that interval. We write The sequence behaves in a similar way. This sequence also tends to a limit as n increases, to the limit 1, in symbols, . We see this most readily if we write . Here, we need to show that as n increases the number tends to 0. For all values of n greater than 2 we have and. Hence, for the remainder we have , from which at once that tend to 0 as n increases. It is also gives an estimate of the amount by which the number (for can differ maximum from the limit 1; this certainly cant exceed . The example only considered illustrates the fact to naturally expect that for large values of n the terms with the highest indices in the numerator and denominator of the fraction for predominate and that they determine the limit. Applications 1)Fibonacci number Nowadays or in era science of technology, We will find a Fibonacci number using C++ programming. The following sequences are considered: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,.Two numbers of the sequence, a_1 and a_2 , the nth number a_n, n >=3.a_n = a_(n-1) + a_(n-2).Thus, a_3 = a_1 + a_2 = 1 + 1 = 2,a_4 = a_2 + a_3, and so on. Such a sequence is called a Fibonacci sequence. In the preceding sequence, a_2 = 1, and a_1 = 1, However any first two numbers, using this process. Nth number a_n, n >= 3 of the sequnces can be determined. The number has been determined this way is called the nth Fibonacci number. a_2 = 6 and a_1 = 3. Then, a_3 = a_2 + a_1 = 6 + 3 = 9, a_4 = a_3 + a_2 = 9 + 16 = 15. 2) Draft snake This game is most famous a long time ago. But now, a new generation still playing this game at free time. This game is closely with sequences which is about the numbers or all natural number but in this game, only positive number that have in this checker. However, it still in a sequences. Firstly, a player must play a dice to get a number so that he or she can move one place to another place to get a winner. These place to pleace is refer to the number. Each number that get from a dice will moves our position until he or she become a winner. Conclusion As we know, a sequences is about a series of numbers. A series of numbers in sequences, which is all natural number includes positive and negative integers, could be a finite sequence from some data source or an infinite sequence from a discrete dynamical system. All of the students, which is the students from the programming course learn about this topic in discrete mathematic as a minor subject in their course. Majoriti of the students said that this topic very interesting to learn and easy to score to get a highest marks in examination, test and others. Although this topic was considered very interesting to learn and easy to get a highest marks, but in this topis is also have a part that difficult to score and bored to learn. A difficult part was identified is the formula that used in this sequences. For example, one of the subtopic in a sequences is when to changing the index and limits in a sum, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ_(1=0)^nà ¢-’à £Ã¢â€š ¬-ir^n-1à £Ã¢â€š ¬-. This formula is difficult to remembered among of the students. It is not only difficult to remembered, but a student is also difficult to remembered a way to calculate this problem where a question want a student change the index and limits in a sum. So, to solve these problem, another way must be created so that a student can solve these problem easier. May be a formula is fixed means it cannot be changed. Nowadays, a lot of ways was created by among of students to solve these problem. So another ideas must found themselves so that it easier to remembered. As a conclusion here, the subtopics in a sequences has interesting to learn and not interesting to learn. Besides that, it has easy to remembered and not easy to remembered. Here, does not all of topic are easy. This condition mest be identified so that a problem can be solved immediately and corretly among the students.

The changes in ethnic cultures over the years in America

The USA is consists of a wide variety of cultural and ethic groups. Such diversity has variously been described as being a â€Å"melting pot†, â€Å"cultural mosaic† or evens still a â€Å"tossed salad†. Such ethnicities include Chicano, Afro-Latin American, Asian American, American-Indian and African-American. Such peoples exhibit different cultural elements through clothing, food, ceremonies and recreation. Native Americans have evolved from the interaction of typical US culture plus subjection to alien government structures, ideology, and social arrangement with different Native Americans’ traditional civilizations.Present Native Americans exhibit certain common features which, to some extent, may be a merger of conventional elements, adaptive tactics, as well as different acculturation levels to prevailing cultures. Such elements include: a persisting feeling of pride regarding cultural legacy; a conviction in spirit and body interrelatedness; dependen ce upon relationship networks and extended society and culturally unique communication methods (Amoko, 2000, 377). The communication style so depicted is less spoken and less direct compared to that of mainstream USA culture.It exhibits courtesy standards and suitable interaction standards. African Americans are in touch with some conscious knowledge of existing as an ingredient of a grouping having a specific historical position and some political association with different groups in the USA. Additionally, particular African Americans have common world viewpoints and affiliations which are based upon aspects of Protestantism, conventional African culture and indenturehood, subordination and slavery within United States society.Every African American does not embrace a black uniqueness. Possession of such identity implies that reference grouping functions within individual identity become grounded within an individual’s blackness (Tamase, 2007, 476). The values, cultural favo rites, artistic flavors, leisure actions, food preferences and cooking methods, religious and secular musical preferences, church association, group membership, plus social associations or close friends all are prejudiced by individual apparent relationship with black persons.Therefore, several or majority of the hope and meaning individuals have for leading purposeful lifestyle’s are related to personal self-perception as African-Americans (Azoulay, 1999, 364). Africentric viewpoints of the world are characterized by common responsibility, interdependence and cooperation. Protestantism within black civilization promotes collectivity and group unity. Extended families are the suitable examination for African American family studies. With no regard to revenue levels, African Americans exhibit more probability of living together with extended family relatives.African American place substantially more value to spiritual matters in treating and causing developmental plus other ph ysical disabilities. Rather that, or on top of, seeking medical help or consulting rehabilitation schemes, numerous African Americans greatly depend upon community assistance, especially church aid. Parents of African American children exhibit wider perceptions regarding normalcy plus they possess a broader variety of expectations regarding developmental landmarks in the behavior of children as compared to numerous educational experts (Pincheon, 2000, 273).The Hispanic culture exhibits high diversity as regards ethnicity, Culture, economic and education levels, and geographic source. However, certain commonalities as regards beliefs, customs as well as world viewpoints exist. Conventional Hispanics exhibit a culture founded on catholic philosophy with inextricable intertwining of native South American and central ideologies concerning the world.Characteristics identified from Hispanic cultures include: the dominance of the family concept having a obviously defined authority hierarch y; an individualized though ritualistic admiration based upon selfhood as opposed to achievement, and that which makes persons from conventional Hispanic civilization to feel at ease amid north American-type professionalism that accords respect based on a person’s possession of particular skills and devaluation of persons with darker skin and according of more value to social standing (Amoko, 2000, 376)Viewpoints regarding disability among Hispanics are prejudiced by convictions regarding the interaction of spiritual and physical realms. Families, acting as very influential support organizations, regard certain situations as being only reflections of personal differences as opposed to disability. They thus adapt work and family roles in order to put up with such differences (Anderson, 2004, 346). Nevertheless, extreme disability, particularly developmental types, is regarded as a shame within traditional Hispanic families.Numerous conventional families, despite the fact that they could look for aid from conventional health structures, also could look for assistance from traditional healers and clergy members. However, acculturated, urbanized Hispanics do not exhibit much utilization of traditional healers’ services. A 1991 survey involving seventy five Mexican women revealed that 97% were conversant with traditional healing and in excess of 50% had already been subjected to folk healing (Dernbach, 2005, 503).Thus, for numerous Mexican Americans, traditional medical services as well as folk therapy are crucial, with each tackling various requirements in various ways. The Asian American group is very difficult to explain owing to huge racial disparities among groupings and disparities regarding language, culture and religion. It comprises close to 5 percent of the American population. However, certain commonalities exhibit themselves because the core of eastern civilizations is harmony and collectivity.Such cultures exhibit characteristics such as: social regulation; harmony; regulations regarding propriety; benevolence; filial faithfulness; cooperation; loyalty; obligation and reciprocity. Such qualities exist in a structure of arranged relationships and roles which focus on interdependence and subordination. A conviction regarding the preeminence of the collective harmony over the individual is further exhibited in respect to history (Amoko, 2000, 382). American having Chinese lineage exhibit high levels of social harmony (collectivism) as opposed to individualism portrayed within mainstream USA culture.Such concern for harmony-within-hierarchy borrows heavily from Confucian ideology and usually persists to influence American with Chinese lineage. Such preoccupation with conventional Chinese culture regarding operation in structured and well-defined social linkages could result to certain Chinese Americans expecting similar well-defined system and function within a counseling (rehabilitation) relationship (Simon-Klutz, 2002 , 284). The client-oriented viewpoint employed by numerous USA rehabilitation therapists could be regarded as too ambiguous by clients of Chinese descent.Pacific civilization exhibits cultural observations like observing humility, respect, family involvement and choice and being and living with ones family. Conventional pacific Culture reveres family life plus the safeguarding of family respect. For instance, within conventional Samoan traditions, individuals are conferred identity only if they can illustrate their relationships to â€Å"alga† or the extended family (Tamase, 2007, 472). Individual requirements, eccentricities and objectives should be suppressed to benefit the family grouping.Within Samoa as well as in the greater Pacific region, strong restraints against exposure of family issues to outside parties exist. The language used among American Samoans originates from the Austronesian linguistic family. The subgroups are Tuvalu, Tokelu and Samoan. Residents of Ameri can Samoa speak both English and Samoan languages. Symbolism among Samoans exists in from of ‘the Samoan way† or ‘fa’samoa’. This includes beliefs, traditions and attitudes symbolizing a world viewpoint explaining suitable way of life, common through out the archipelago (Anderson, 2004, 349).Ancient Samoans cultivated taro and yams, kept chickens, dogs and pigs and practiced lapita pottery. They sailed using double-hulled sea vessels. Under United States navy government, Samoan culture was preserved when it was not counter to us regulations. Hereditary and talking chiefs had permission to continue assemblage forms to handle local politics. Up to the 1900s, Samoans practiced rural lifestyles and this still is the case within many villages out of Pago Pago Bay and outlying isles. Urbanization has been slightly attained near the airfield and Pago Pago bay.Up to the 1950s, ‘fale’ or traditional homes consisted of elliptical structures having corral pebble floors plus round wood prop underneath a beehive-like roof enveloped by sugarcane leaves thatch. Such open residences promoted contact with members of the public and offered little privacy (Esbenshade, 2004, 351). Many households had a sleeping plus a cooking house of smaller size located at the rear, several owned guest houses for hosting visitors. Starting in the 1970s, construction of ‘hurricane’ concrete houses having corrugated metallic roofs has been encouraged by the American administration to reduce tempest damage.Such rectangular houses exhibit increased privacy since they have windows, doors, and at times room dividers. Houses may also be constructed from brick or wood (Amoko, 2000, 385). Traditional homes had minimal furnishings consisting only of sleeping and sitting mats however, contemporary houses exhibit full furnishing with most having telephones and television. Parliamentary structures are of the conventional elliptical shape, as well as community school structures, sections of the airfield terminal and the growers market.Several business buildings at present depict American building designs. Staple foodstuffs in American Samoa include breadfruit, taro, coconuts, bananas, mangoes, papayas, chicken, canned corned beef, seafood and pork. Occasional foods include potatoes, onions, lettuce, carrots, cabbages, tomatoes and beans. Mostly foodstuffs found within us markets are in stock in supermarkets (Anderson, 2004, 356). Long ago, food was eaten during the mid-morning plus early dusk. Food gets cooked although it could be eaten raw. Majority of families sat on mats down on the ground in the traditional times.Guests and elders get served initially and children and women eat last. Owing to changing work cycle, now families have three mealtimes per day. Majority of Tutuila restaurants concentrate on American plus other alien foods, however several present more conventional Samoan foodstuffs (Pincheon, 2000, 277). Foods dis hed up during ceremonial functions include: entire pigs plus daily fare; potato salad; puddings; palusami; chop suey; ice cream and cakes. A lot of food is prepared and served during special occasions as guest may carry home excess servings.Kava, which is a slightly narcotic, none-alcoholic drink, is given to chiefs during ceremonial events. Majority of land is possessed by Samoans except for a little church and government owned land. Traditional communal land ownership was done through ‘aiga’ and was governed by ‘matai’ and this remains the case up to now. Several whites who were spouses to women from Samoa obtained land ownership prior to the 1930s at the time land selling was prohibited by the USA navy (Esbenshade, 2004, 351). Personal land buying is currently allowed only fro individuals having a minimum of 50% Samoan ancestry.Majority of business is related to trading in imported commodities and the American dollar is the exchange medium. Eating places are the most popular retail business ventures followed by grocery shops especially little family-operated general shops. Fish handling and canning is the biggest industry. Tuna is canned and exported to the USA. Age is crucial in determining work functions; young people undertake strenuous undertakings and elderly persons have more inactive, educational and supervisory roles. Children responsibilities are bases in the household while older and middle-aged people assume leadership functions.Formerly a number of persons possess special skills regarding making traditional houses and boats, medicine and fishing (Dernbach, 2005, 511). No real class systems exist within American Samoa. The titles of chiefs are classified to some extent on the basis of ancient traditions. Such titles are reserved to particular families, called ‘aiga’; however, a number of them are positioned higher and get more respect compared to others. Such ranking is basically important ceremonially becau se it decides membership to the ‘village council’ or ‘fono’ and the order of serving kava, however everyone gets a speaking opportunity (Azoulay, 1999, 369).Any man can vie to become a â€Å"matai, because titles get obtained through democratic elections held by the â€Å"aiga†. Prior to adoption of currency economic systems, men performed strenuous agriculture, house building and fishing. Young males prepared most of normal meals and cooked during ceremonial occasions. Women’ chores included weaving mats, sewing, child nurturing, laundry and afterwards preparing meals using contemporary appliances. Majority of such traditional chores persist to date, however, fresh alternatives are significant.Women and men currently work within banks, tuna factories, stores, schools and tourist ventures. Men are employed in transportation, construction, government organizations and shipping. Historically, men have dominated Samoan society with women exertin g much behind-the-scenes authority authoritative and professional posts are mostly held by males, however females occupy significant positions within government organizations and sometimes act as â€Å"matai† (Simon-Klutz, 2002, 282). The youth select wedding partners; however marriage remains basically a financial alliance joining families.Previously, chiefs’ children intermarried, while those having lower statuses usually eloped. Individuals may not marry or date close relatives. Almost all persons marry, often during mid towards late 20s, and marriages involve intricate exchange of gifts by two family units. Divorce cases are uncommon; however remarriages among the youth are quite common. Households average 7 persons consisting of a single or additional nuclear family units plus relatives. They involve 3 generations and exhibits flexibility as regards composition. Members are linked by blood, adoption and marriage.Following marriage, reside at the groom’s or bride’s household. Each household is led by a ‘matai’. All economic and social activities are governed by ‘matai’ (Anderson, 2004, 350). The biggest kin grouping remains ‘aiga’ that involves every person having a shared ancestor. Such extensive family could have family units in various sections of the village or within a number of villages. Such households’ matai exert different authority levels in the ‘aiga’. Matai resolves family disputes and decides regarding fiscal contributions of a family to funerals, church gifts and weddings.The complete aiga primarily intermingles during funerals, weddings, elections plus matai installation and emergencies within families (http://www. everyculture. com/A-Bo/American-Samoa. html). Infants are accorded much attention and affection and are carried or held in the initial year. Household usually have grandmothers who often act as key babysitters. Usually young kids are overseen by grandmothers or other household females and usually by elder siblings. Respect and reverence for authority and age are instilled from early ages.Educational programs for nursery kids plus universal community school schooling is in place. America Samoans exhibit meticulousness regarding courtesy, especially to chiefs and elderly persons. It is not proper to stand up when other people are sitting. In case an individual gets into a room and finds other persons seated on the ground, they ought to slightly bend and utter â€Å"tulouna† or ‘excuse me’. Respectful terms are employed when holding discussions with chiefs. Etiquette plus reciprocal politeness are used during political and ceremonial events.Prior to influx of missionaries by 1830, the maker of the isles plus the people therein was taken to be Tagaloa and religious headship from families was provided by matai (Tamase, 2007, 475). Initial missionaries were from the London Missionary Society and they establis hed the congregation of Christian Church of American Samoa to which 5% of Samoans belong. The Catholic Church has 20% of Samoan followers while the other 30% is taken by Methodist, Pentecostal and Mormon denominations. Western rites are involved during church proceedings with vocal music being a vital element.Devotion of fresh churches has supreme significance and vocal competitions and feasts mark it. Visitors from the USA and close by islands come for such celebrations. Death is regarded as the will of God and the customary conviction that when one dies at a far away location from their residence such person’s spirits trouble survivors continues. Up to the 1980s, funeral services were held one day after one died. Introduction of morgue services permits delayed interment to cater for elatives abroad. During burials, the deceased family is offered gifts.Interment happens on relations’ land (Dernbach, 2005, 515). April 17th Flag Day is marked by activities like customar y grouping singing and dancing, cricket matches, canoe races and speeches. This commemorates the time when the Samoan isles became part of the USA in 1900. Oratory remains a vital custom, and numerous mythology, poetry and legends have survived owing to usage by talking chiefs during village committee deliberation as well as during ceremonial events (http://www. ncddr. org/products/researchexchange/v04n01/cultures. html).The people of Samoa treasure bark cloth wall-hangings (siapo) plus finemats and regard them as family possessions for exchanging during ceremonial events. Finemat and siapo production increasingly is becoming rare. Formerly having tattoos was a prerequisite for being admitted into aumage or qualification fro the title of ac chief. Such art was outlawed within American Samoa a long time ago. However, fresh interest recently draws young males to previously Western Samoa to have the intricate knee-to-upper-abdomen tattoos done on them.Dancing and singing in groups rema in popular forms of art. Huge women or men dancing groups perform unified movements characterized by body and hand claps. Village ritual princesses (taupou) perform Solo dances at times accompanied by men prop dancers (http://www. everyculture. com/A-Bo/American-Samoa. html). The ‘face’ notion, originating from Confucian ideology, among traditional Pacific and Asian Americans makes people’s belief that â€Å"losing face† owing to mental diseases within families could subject families or the person to spiritual or religious crisis.Asians exhibit the least optimistic attitudes towards disabled persons. Numerous Asian Americans are convinced that metaphysical or supernatural forces have a function in disease and health and in misfortune and fortune (Anderson, 2004, 357). Such convictions greatly influence perceptions regarding reasons for disability, therapy of such disability and guilt feelings and shame or responsibility related to having a disabled family member. Conventional Asian Pacific citizens usually source for assistance from sources different from, or on top of, western rehabilitation or medical system.Families will usually desire to seek customary Asian therapies, like herbal medication, or perform particular actions with a view to restoring the equilibrium of the natural world. Asian Americans depend more upon casual social associations as compared to other minorities. American Indians comprise of in excess of five hundred tribal groupings that exhibit great diversity within. Majority of conventional Indian dialects have no word for disabled, handicapped or retarded. Instead of utilizing such classifications, phrases regarding persons descriptive of disabilities, for instance, â€Å"one-who-walks-with-a-limp† or â€Å"one-arm,† may be assigned.Convictions regarding spirit and body interrelatedness contrasts with mainstream belief systems. Strongly traditional American Indians could source for assistance form t raditional healers and also the typical rehabilitation and medical systems (http://www. ncddr. org/products/researchexchange/v04n01/cultures. html). Paradigm modifications happen within all disciplines as technology or knowledge advances. Key shifts within such cultural models are comprehensive, rare and significantly impact on cultural, social as well as political precedence within society.Industrial revolution’s second stage resulted to contemporary society which is characterized by capitalism, humanist principles, political democratic systems, Newton’s physics and transcendental romanticism. Contemporary regimes witnessed the appearance of bourgeoisie, contemporary art plus the conviction that it is possible to understand the earth by applying reason. Modern age also incorporated cultural, economic and political policies on the basis of freedom and equality ideals and progress. Postmodernism’s arrival within the 1960s led to slight alterations within contempo rary society.Despite the fact that postmodernism dislodged occidental theories plus numerous other ideals related to the contemporary period, it failed to offer the momentum needed to restructure society. This impetus required some circumstances which exposed social injustices prevailed within existing economic and political systems and at the same time offer alternative solutions (Anderson, 2004, 359). America has ceased to be a â€Å"melting point† because it does not incorporate minorities within majority cultures. Currently, there exists diverse pluralism of culture developed by way of acculturation.Such pluralism is described in regard to minorities’ liberties relative to prevailing culture. Minorities contribute within majority cultures while disregarding the threat of losing their sub-culture uniqueness. Racial minorities, religious groupings, and philosophical subcultures exist side by side and stand other groups’ customs. A non-hierarchical democratic p luralism supported through communication expertise is substituting the prevailing culture. The notion of regarding product utilization as being an end is dying away and focus is directed locally.The majority has discarded its fixation upon consumerism to embrace fresh attention to friends, family plus social groupings having comparable interests. Owing to divisions emanating from cultural wars and facing economic stagnation, the majority culture started self-realignment on the basis of sub-cultural schemes that offer belonging and equality (Amoko, 2000, 388). While America is enduring economic woes, fresh social systems are developing within the debris offered by disenfranchised cultures.Majority cultures are experiencing transition from a community of financial classes, credit expenditure and consumer principles to an extra group-centered society. Such shift involves change from getting cultural significance out of purchasing and possessing media-produced patterns’ consumer commodities, to promoting an extra individualized participatory and personality culture. Such change of priorities emancipates a stressed community and offers a feeling of dignity and authority to society (http://www.culturewars. org. uk/index. php/site/article/changing_cultural_paradigm/). The principal culture has ditched the business sponsored political programs, because of the wickedness within oppressive economic and social policies and also owing to the absence of prestige and gratification exhibited by buyer indulgence within the financial crisis. While the principal culture was losing confidence within consumer principles, the pluralism of culture metamorphosed to become pluralism free of hierarchies.Within such fresh systems, privileges and rights existent within a democracy get expressed within society with no oppression to lower castes. This seems to be a result of free market financial systems having their majority cultures being hierarchically- arranged. The divisions g enerated through culture wars merged the diverse and vast multicultural system of hyphenated citizens and subcultures to form a political grouping united through democratic principles, humanitarian standards, and the requirement to make the playing arena even.Pluralism, which necessarily is not liberal owing to its incorporation of every political viewpoint, also existed alongside the cultural war. Such a multicultural grouping became prominent when consumerism faded away from the principal culture, and assumed the role of acting as a representation of the fresh social arrangement (http://www. culturewars. org. uk/index. php/site/article/changing_cultural_paradigm/). Works cited Amoko, Apollo O. Resilient Imaginations: No-no Boy, Obasan and the Limits of Minority Discourse. Mosaic, vol.33. 2000; pp. 375-390 Anderson, Crystal S. Racial Discourse and Black-Japanese Dynamics in Ishmael Reed’s Japanese by Spring. MELUS, vol. 29, 2004; pp. 345-360 Azoulay, Katya Gibel. The New Col ored People: The Mixed-race Movement in America. African American Review, vol. 33. 1999; pp. 360-374. Crank, R ip. (April 17th 2009). Culture Wars. Changing Cultural Paradigm. Retrieved on 5th may 2009 from http://www. culturewars. org. uk/index. php/site/article/changing_cultural_paradigm/ Culture of American Samoa Forum. (2007).Culture of American Samoa History and Ethnic Relations, Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of . retrieved on 5th may 2009 from http://www. everyculture. com/A-Bo/American-Samoa. html Dernbach, Katherine Boris. Spirits of the Hereafter: Death, Funeral Procession, and the Hereafter in Chuuk, Micronesia. Ethnology, vol. 44, 2005; pp. 502-517 Esbenshade, Jill. Codes of Conduct: Challenges and Opportunities for Workers Rights. Social Justice, vol. 31, 2004; pp. 340-355. Pincheon, Bill. â€Å"A Deeper Territory†; Race, Gender, Historical Narrative and the Recorded Field Blues.The Western Journal of Black Studies, vol. 24, 2000; pp. 270-283. Simon-Klutz, L ufuata. On Being Samoan, on Being Woman (E Au Pea Ina’ilau a Tama’itai) (1). Frontier- A Journal of Women’s Studies, vol. 23, 2002; pp. 275-291. Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. (2004). Descriptions of Ethnic Cultures in the United States. Vol. 4, no. 1. Retrieved on 5th may 2009 from http://www. ncddr. org/products/researchexchange/v04n01/cultures. html Tamase, Tui Atua Tupua. In Search of Tagaloa, Samoan Mythology and Science. Archaeology in Oceania, vol. 42, 2007; pp. 462-478.

Coloplast company Essay

Executive Summary Coloplast, an international company that specializes in developing, manufacturing, and marketing medical devices, implemented an off-shoring strategy in order to stay viable, competitive and keep in focus the dynamic market needs. Implementing this strategy has brought some issues that were unexpected for Coloplast. One of the issues was with the organizational structure. Coloplast’s off shoring involved moving operations to Hungary. They would be operating with Danish and Hungarian production plants, where production processes were not the same. Misunderstandings and miscommunication arose amongst employees and created managerial and operational challenges. Another issue that arose was knowledge management and this became a problem since there was very limited documentation on inconsistencies in equipment operation as well as no proper standardization of systems in place. The solution to these problems is to implement company wide processes that help standardize both Hungarian and Danish plants. Employee motivation and communication is another issue and this is attributable to the resistance to change which many employees face. Coloplast didn’t look at these issues with offshoring as their costs were rising locally and they needed to mitigate that cost. Coloplast should expand to China where labour is even cheaper than Hungary. It is an offshoring move that must be looked at in order for Coloplast to maintain their economies of scale. The further reduction of costs with their experience from offshoring in Hungary allow Coloplast to enter the offshoring process to China with a greater understanding in all that it entails, and the possible pitfalls that can arise. Issue Identification One of the issues faced was that of the interdependent relationship between the Danish and the Hungarians. There were operational assumptions and activities. Nobody factored in how significant the language barrier would be. It proved to be a significant enough factor that it warranted unexpected time and money to rectify the problems Coloplast faced. There was a lack of knowledge transfer from the Danish operators to the Hungarian  operators and this resulted in operational inefficiencies. The other issue involved the human resource aspects such as limiting attrition rates, limiting social hardship, and transferring knowledge effectively. Environmental and Root Cause Analysis Certain trends shifted power towards the consumer in Coloplast’s industry. Although Coloplast saw the need to offshore or outsource, their decision was based on them trying to focus on their core business and to increase efficiency, the prime motive was to cut costs. They chose to offshore as this entailed lower cost and availability of skilling workers. They did not want to rely on third parties, and third parties lack the in house knowledge needed for Coloplast’s operation. Coloplast was seriously considering relocating to a low cost location for some time. They were in danger of certain factors such as reimbursement, policy changes, price pressures due to wholesaler concentration, and powerful insurance companies. They felt there were distinct advantages to off shoring as opposed to outsourcing as the competitive advantage of offshoring to Hungary as they developed a much better ecosystem for Coloplast’s business. This means there is better availability of ski lled human resources in that region for specific types of tasks. Their establishment in Hungary was due to the significant savings in production costs, which were 20 percent less than Danish levels. After they had factored in wage increases, Coloplast was convinced this offshore move would be financially advantageous in the long run. Building costs were 50% less in Hungary than Denmark. Cost considerations were an issue, but logistical considerations were weighed to be more important. The root cause factors lay in the rollout of the offshoring project. Large regional differences existed within Hungary in terms of wage and infrastructure. Coloplast was located on the attractive side of Hungary and other major companies were close by, which played a part in their decision to off shore. Although the relocation of operations involved mature product lines, the decentralized structure still made documenting planning and production systems difficult. The operations at the Danish site were not standardized, thus making it harder to offshore to Hungary, who had their own operations. The Danish factories felt that their organized production was unique to each  of them and couldn’t be replicated. There were no product manuals and they had to be created proper production techniques and equipment operation. This would then have to be translated to Hungarian, and this processes impact was not properly assessed. The transfer of knowledge and training that required human interaction was not properly addressed beforehand either. Alternatives or Options Expand in Europe. Many locations were scouted before Hungary was implemented, and there are several Eastern Bloc countries with low wage, and production costs. However, there is more risk in operating in one of these countries as the geopolitical implications in these countries can cause cost savings to be eroded. They can also see the feasibility in many countries such as Poland, Ireland, and the Czech Republic. They have already offshored and Coloplast felt that it could further improve incentives to strengthen transfer of knowledge in their next venture. The regional attraction was there with Hungary, and the cost savings did occur for Coloplast, thus making offshoring to another European country a feasible option. Europe has already lowered its offshoring walls following a global trend, and this could be attractive for Coloplast if the geographical distance to China were a concern. Recommendation and Implementation Relocate to China. Now that Coloplast has realized its deficiencies in their process with the offshoring to Hungary, they can mitigate these for the future in their relocation to China. The whole initial decision to offshore in the first place was to reduce cost. Hungary was less costly than Denmark, and China is less costly than Hungary. It makes business sense to relocate to China production wise, as the wages are significantly lower than the Danish and Hungarians. There are organizational challenges in this implementation in that the geographical distance between Denmark and China can amplify many of the scenarios that arose from their offshoring to Hungary. Their knowledge transfer must be coordinated well in advance with  any offshore implementation. They must establish well-set corporate guidelines on how to relocate and manage production sites in advance of any physical offshoring move. Maintain a high level of information and communicate in a direct manner. Leave no interpr etation, and build relationships. They must learn from the mistakes identified with their previous project. They must also apply the best practices from Hungary and include the idiosyncrasies of the Chinese business environment. The environment is drastically different from the environment they operated in Denmark and Hungary. These differences must be identified, and transitioned, as to make the offshoring smooth and sufficient. They will need to start with having Danish representatives make a presence in China in their facilities. It is important in business relations in China to have a level of trust with their employers, and customers. Establish substantial resources while further fine-tuning internal decision making processes and procedures in order to integrate their production unit with headquarters and production in Denmark. Monitor and Control Representatives from Coloplast in Denmark can have all their operational efficiencies set and can ease the process of off shoring by starting out with some local Danish representatives ease in the process with their physical presence in China. Work in conjunction with the Chinese workers in order to have them gain their trust, and a more direct line of knowledge transfer. Having set guidelines and policies in procedures will leave out any room for misinterpretation, such as what occurred in Hungary. Key KPI’s can be set for the offshoring project such as Total Cost vs. Total Cost Savings. Monitoring the metrics of expenses and comparing those expenses to their current operations will be a good indicator of any cost savings. Human capital must be monitored, as human resources were an issue that was already identified in Hungary. Turnover, and training costs must be monitored, recorded and reported.